{"id":8255,"date":"2023-08-30T17:24:48","date_gmt":"2023-08-30T09:24:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/malayacorporate.com\/?post_type=article&#038;p=8255"},"modified":"2024-12-08T11:03:24","modified_gmt":"2024-12-08T03:03:24","slug":"types-of-taxation-and-their-associated-costs","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/malayacorporate.com\/my\/article\/types-of-taxation-and-their-associated-costs\/","title":{"rendered":"TYPES OF TAXATION AND THEIR ASSOCIATED COSTS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8255\" class=\"elementor elementor-8255\" data-elementor-post-type=\"article\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ae66cce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ae66cce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0442070\" data-id=\"0442070\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fbeeb51 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fbeeb51\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-07dfda7\" data-id=\"07dfda7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b128f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0b128f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oleh MOHD AMIRUL RADZUAN<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6c8fcf elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"f6c8fcf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b9b498f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b9b498f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4692d88\" data-id=\"4692d88\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a11b3cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a11b3cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">TYPES OF TAXATION AND THEIR ASSOCIATED COSTS<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ae05f5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ae05f5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-562892a\" data-id=\"562892a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4116427 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4116427\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li><strong>Theory of Taxation <\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>Taxation means the taxing authority or government imposes a tax on its business entities and citizens. Taxation applies to all levels from income tax to goods and services.\u00a0 The taxation theory is defined as the relative differences in return rates before and after marginal tax and a project respectively. Marginal is defined as a project that is small and has a zero net value to a company under the tax system.<\/p><p>Malaysia implements a tax system, which is territorial with residents and non-resident taxes on the source of income of Malaysia. Foreign investors are subject to analysis, which is following:\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Corporate income tax<\/li><li>Value-added tax<\/li><li>Digital service tax<\/li><li>Income tax<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Corporate income tax (CIT) <\/strong>is imposed on incurred income in Malaysia. The tax rates are such as resident company paid up gross income of 50 million and capital of 2.5 million ringgit (aseanbriefing, 2023). The changeable income is 600000 ringgit and the tax rate is 17% for resident companies and 24% for non-resident companies.<\/p><p><strong>Value added tax<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 15px; color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif;\">Malaysia replaced good and Services Tax (GST) with the SST IN 2018. The tax rate of sales is 10% and the tax rate of sales is six per cent. Some tax rate of goods is reduced by 5% (aseanbriefing, 2023).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><strong>Digital income tax<\/strong><\/p><p>The Malaysian government imposed a digital service tax (DST) on January 1, 2020, of 6% on FSPs in Malaysia. The RMCD guide defines digital services are delivered over the internet with human intervention from the provider of service. The digital service includes firewalls, search engines, and social networks, online services of learning and video games and mobile applications<\/p><p><strong>Individual income tax<\/strong><\/p><p>Malaysia uses both rate of flat and progressive for personal Income Tax, which depends on the duration of an individual in the country. The Income Tax Act of 1967 established Income taxation for personnel in Malaysia<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-571e3d2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"571e3d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3eb9670\" data-id=\"3eb9670\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1a9e71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1a9e71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol start=\"2\"><li><strong> Cost Theory of Tax <\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>The Cost service Theory of Taxation implies that the citizen pays the tax which is ruled by Government in the country. This theory defines that business costs highly determine supply and spending. The cost theory looks at the concepts of short-run of total and average cost and the long-run cost with scales of the economy (Elibrary, 2023). The function of cost varies some factors such as production price, scale of operation and output size. This theory needs to realize to run their company and develop productivity and profit.<\/p><p>Cost analysis is significant in marginal economics. Managers must have a well understanding of the relationship between costs for maximizing the value of the firm. Many costs are more manageable than affecting factors of revenue. The social cost includes administering the law and enacting cost, compliance cost, losses, and expenditures caused by the activities of taxpayers for reduction of the tax burden (elibrary, 2023). Theses all these elements are included in the accurate model of the cost of taxation. The major elements of taxation costs are administrative costs, regular deadweight loss, avoidance costs, compliance costs, and excess tax burden costs. The theory helps to maintain proper rules as well as regulations in the taxation segment<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7c05a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a7c05a3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-844c7df\" data-id=\"844c7df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd4d0b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd4d0b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol start=\"3\"><li><strong> Administrative costs<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>This cost may be the function of mobility and the physical size of the base of tax. It is increasing complexity function and lack of tax law clarity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc61292 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc61292\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6932f51\" data-id=\"6932f51\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3da8625 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3da8625\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol start=\"4\"><li><strong> Compliance costs<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>This cost can find of magnitude and this cost is hidden when administrative costs must pass through a process of budget.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5873f08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5873f08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-aaf03e6\" data-id=\"aaf03e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c055a36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c055a36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol start=\"5\"><li><strong> Avoidance costs<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>The controllers of tax players produce excess burden and it is hard between compliance and avoidance costs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c77d590 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c77d590\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-decac70\" data-id=\"decac70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff0cecf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff0cecf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol start=\"6\"><li><strong> The regular deadweight loss<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>Any kind of tax makes a wedge between the prices that two taxpayers face and a loss of efficiency.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element 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